{"id":19151,"date":"2025-04-10T15:56:08","date_gmt":"2025-04-10T13:56:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/?p=19151"},"modified":"2025-04-16T16:15:26","modified_gmt":"2025-04-16T14:15:26","slug":"la-protection-du-ciel-nocturne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/la-protection-du-ciel-nocturne\/","title":{"rendered":"La Protection du Ciel Nocturne"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Le Ciel Nocturne : Un Patrimoine en P\u00e9ril, Une Cause \u00e0 D\u00e9fendre<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-1474d9c942d8438d4f33ed44b4156366\"><strong>Cet article a \u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 avec l&rsquo;aide de l&rsquo;IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative Gemini.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le ciel nocturne \u00e9toil\u00e9, source d&rsquo;\u00e9merveillement pour l&rsquo;humanit\u00e9 depuis la nuit des temps, est aujourd&rsquo;hui menac\u00e9. La pollution lumineuse, cette lumi\u00e8re artificielle excessive et mal orient\u00e9e, voile progressivement notre acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la vo\u00fbte c\u00e9leste. Mais aussi perturbe profond\u00e9ment les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes nocturnes. Cet article vous invite \u00e0 prendre conscience de l&rsquo;importance de prot\u00e9ger ce patrimoine naturel et culturel.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ciel-de-chine.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"630\" height=\"472\" src=\"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ciel-de-chine.jpg\" alt=\"La Protection du Ciel Nocturne\" class=\"wp-image-18347\" srcset=\"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ciel-de-chine.jpg 630w, https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ciel-de-chine-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Ciel de Chine (A gauche un \u00e9clairage anarchique. A droite un \u00e9clairage maitris\u00e9<\/em>).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Un Patrimoine Culturel et Scientifique Mill\u00e9naire en Voie de Disparition<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Depuis les premi\u00e8res civilisations, le ciel nocturne a inspir\u00e9 les mythes, les religions, l&rsquo;art et la science. Les constellations ont guid\u00e9 les navigateurs, rythm\u00e9 les calendriers agricoles et nourri la curiosit\u00e9 des astronomes. Des peintures rupestres repr\u00e9sentant les \u00e9toiles, aux observations de Galil\u00e9e avec sa lunette, ou encore aux po\u00e8mes c\u00e9l\u00e9brant la beaut\u00e9 de la nuit \u00e9toil\u00e9e. Ce lien profond entre l&rsquo;humanit\u00e9 et le cosmos est aujourd&rsquo;hui fragilis\u00e9 par un voile lumineux grandissant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-not-stacked-on-mobile is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ici-avec-deux-cardinaux-Galilee-Peinture-de-Jean-Leon-Huens.avif\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ici-avec-deux-cardinaux-Galilee-Peinture-de-Jean-Leon-Huens.avif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-19152\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Galil\u00e9e (ici avec deux cardinaux).<\/em><br><em>Peinture de Jean-L\u00e9on Huens.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Art-Rupestre-Mato-Grosso-4.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"294\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Art-Rupestre-Mato-Grosso-4-294x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-19153\" srcset=\"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Art-Rupestre-Mato-Grosso-4-294x300.jpg 294w, https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Art-Rupestre-Mato-Grosso-4.jpg 333w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 294px) 100vw, 294px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Peinture rupestre repr\u00e9sentant des \u00e9toiles<\/em>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La perte de la visibilit\u00e9 des \u00e9toiles n&rsquo;est pas seulement une question esth\u00e9tique. Elle a des cons\u00e9quences directes sur notre compr\u00e9hension de l&rsquo;univers. Les astronomes amateurs et professionnels peinent \u00e0 observer les objets c\u00e9lestes les plus faibles, et la recherche fondamentale en astrophysique est impact\u00e9e. Des observatoires situ\u00e9s autrefois dans des zones recul\u00e9es sont d\u00e9sormais confront\u00e9s \u00e0 une pollution lumineuse croissante, r\u00e9duisant leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 percer les myst\u00e8res du cosmos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Un Impact Profond sur la Biodiversit\u00e9 Nocturne<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La lumi\u00e8re artificielle nocturne perturbe profond\u00e9ment les rythmes biologiques des esp\u00e8ces animales et v\u00e9g\u00e9tales. De nombreux animaux d\u00e9pendent de l&rsquo;alternance du jour et de la nuit pour leurs activit\u00e9s essentielles : alimentation, reproduction, migration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Les insectes nocturnes<\/strong> : Attir\u00e9s par les lumi\u00e8res artificielles, s&rsquo;\u00e9puisent \u00e0 tourner autour des lampadaires, deviennent des proies faciles pour leurs pr\u00e9dateurs et ne peuvent plus assurer leur r\u00f4le de pollinisateurs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/04\/insectes-lampadaire.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/04\/insectes-lampadaire.jpg\" alt=\"La Protection du Ciel Nocturne\" class=\"wp-image-19154\" style=\"width:630px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/04\/insectes-lampadaire.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/04\/insectes-lampadaire-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/04\/insectes-lampadaire-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Les oiseaux migrateurs<\/strong> : Qui s&rsquo;orientent gr\u00e2ce aux \u00e9toiles, sont d\u00e9sorient\u00e9s par les lumi\u00e8res urbaines et peuvent percuter des b\u00e2timents \u00e9clair\u00e9s ou s&rsquo;\u00e9puiser en vol.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/04\/oiseaux-nuit.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"583\" src=\"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/04\/oiseaux-nuit-1024x583.jpg\" alt=\"La Protection du Ciel Nocturne\" class=\"wp-image-19155\" style=\"width:630px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/04\/oiseaux-nuit-1024x583.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/04\/oiseaux-nuit-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/04\/oiseaux-nuit-768x437.jpg 768w, https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/04\/oiseaux-nuit.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Les chauves-souris<\/strong> : Mammif\u00e8res nocturnes essentiels \u00e0 la r\u00e9gulation des populations d&rsquo;insectes, voient leurs zones de chasse r\u00e9duites par la pr\u00e9sence de lumi\u00e8re artificielle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/04\/chauve-souris-nuit.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"580\" src=\"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/04\/chauve-souris-nuit-1024x580.jpg\" alt=\"La Protection du Ciel Nocturne\" class=\"wp-image-19156\" style=\"width:630px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/04\/chauve-souris-nuit-1024x580.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/04\/chauve-souris-nuit-300x170.jpg 300w, https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/04\/chauve-souris-nuit-768x435.jpg 768w, https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/04\/chauve-souris-nuit.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>La flore<\/strong> : L&rsquo;\u00e9clairage nocturne peut perturber le cycle de floraison de certaines plantes et influencer les interactions entre les plantes et les pollinisateurs nocturnes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Les Cons\u00e9quences sur la Sant\u00e9 Humaine<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Si les effets sur la faune et la flore sont bien document\u00e9s, les impacts de la pollution lumineuse sur la sant\u00e9 humaine commencent \u00e9galement \u00e0 \u00eatre mieux compris. L&rsquo;exposition \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re bleue \u00e9mise par certains \u00e9crans et \u00e9clairages LED le soir peut perturber la production de m\u00e9latonine, l&rsquo;hormone du sommeil, entra\u00eenant des troubles du sommeil, une augmentation du risque de certains cancers et d&rsquo;autres probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 (source : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.anses.fr\/en\/system\/files\/AP2014SA0253Ra.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>ANSES<\/strong><\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Le Cadre L\u00e9gislatif en France : Des Avanc\u00e9es et des D\u00e9fis<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La prise de conscience de l&rsquo;impact de la pollution lumineuse a conduit \u00e0 l&rsquo;adoption de plusieurs textes l\u00e9gislatifs en France visant \u00e0 la limiter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>La loi Grenelle 2 du 12 juillet 2010<\/strong> a introduit des mesures pour pr\u00e9venir et limiter les nuisances lumineuses, notamment en encadrant l&rsquo;\u00e9clairage public et priv\u00e9. (Source : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/id\/JORFTEXT000022470434\"><strong>L\u00e9gifrance<\/strong><\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>L&rsquo;arr\u00eat\u00e9 du 27 d\u00e9cembre 2018 relatif \u00e0 la pr\u00e9vention, \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction et \u00e0 la limitation des nuisances lumineuses<\/strong> fixe des prescriptions techniques pour les nouvelles installations d&rsquo;\u00e9clairage ext\u00e9rieur afin de limiter la lumi\u00e8re intrusive et la consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique. Il impose notamment des r\u00e8gles concernant l&rsquo;orientation des luminaires, leur puissance et la possibilit\u00e9 de les \u00e9teindre pendant certaines heures de la nuit. (Source : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/id\/JORFTEXT000037864346\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>L\u00e9gifrance<\/strong><\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Plus r\u00e9cemment, <strong>la loi n\u00b0 2021-1104 du 22 ao\u00fbt 2021 portant lutte contre le d\u00e9r\u00e8glement climatique et renforcement de la r\u00e9silience face \u00e0 ses effets 1 (dite loi Climat et R\u00e9silience)<\/strong> 2 renforce les dispositions relatives \u00e0 la protection du ciel nocturne et pr\u00e9voit notamment la possibilit\u00e9 pour les communes ou les intercommunalit\u00e9s d&rsquo;\u00e9laborer des plans locaux d&rsquo;extinction de l&rsquo;\u00e9clairage public. (Source : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/jorf\/id\/JORFTEXT000043956924\"><strong>L\u00e9gifrance<\/strong><\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Cependant, l&rsquo;application de ces textes et leur efficacit\u00e9 sur le terrain restent des d\u00e9fis importants. Le contr\u00f4le des installations priv\u00e9es et la sensibilisation des acteurs locaux sont essentiels pour une mise en \u0153uvre r\u00e9ussie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Agir Ensemble : Associations et Collectifs au Service du Ciel Nocturne<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>De nombreuses associations et collectifs se mobilisent en France, au niveau local et national, pour sensibiliser le public, mener des actions de terrain et faire pression pour une meilleure r\u00e9glementation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>L&rsquo;Association Nationale pour la Protection du Ciel et de l&rsquo;Environnement Nocturnes (ANPCEN)<\/strong> est un acteur majeur au niveau national. Elle m\u00e8ne des campagnes de sensibilisation, conseille les collectivit\u00e9s, r\u00e9alise des \u00e9tudes et agit en justice pour faire respecter la r\u00e9glementation. (Site web : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.anpcen.fr\/\"><strong>www.anpcen.fr\/<\/strong><\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Des <strong>groupes locaux<\/strong> existent \u00e9galement dans de nombreuses r\u00e9gions. Ils organisent des soir\u00e9es d&rsquo;observation du ciel et des actions de sensibilisation aupr\u00e8s des municipalit\u00e9s et des habitants. N&rsquo;h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 rechercher s&rsquo;il existe un collectif pr\u00e8s de chez vous !<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Des <strong>associations d&rsquo;astronomie amateur<\/strong> (comme l&rsquo;Association Rep\u00e8res Astro !) jouent \u00e9galement un r\u00f4le crucial en sensibilisant leurs membres et le grand public \u00e0 la beaut\u00e9 du ciel nocturne et \u00e0 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de le prot\u00e9ger.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Que Pouvez-Vous Faire ? Des Gestes Simples pour un Impact Significatif<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La protection du ciel nocturne est l&rsquo;affaire de tous. Voici quelques gestes simples que vous pouvez adopter au quotidien :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u00c9teignez les lumi\u00e8res ext\u00e9rieures<\/strong> lorsque vous n&rsquo;en avez pas besoin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Privil\u00e9giez des \u00e9clairages ext\u00e9rieurs basse consommation<\/strong>, orient\u00e9s vers le bas et \u00e9quip\u00e9s de d\u00e9tecteurs de mouvement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Photo-118-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Photo-118-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18346\" style=\"width:630px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Photo-118-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Photo-118-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Photo-118-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Photo-118-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Photo-118-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Exemple d&rsquo;\u00e9clairage qui se diffuse essentiellement vers le ciel.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sensibilisez votre entourage<\/strong> \u00e0 la probl\u00e9matique de la pollution lumineuse.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Contactez votre mairie<\/strong> pour vous informer sur les politiques d&rsquo;\u00e9clairage public et sugg\u00e9rer des am\u00e9liorations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Soutenez les associations<\/strong> qui \u0153uvrent pour la protection du ciel nocturne.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Participez \u00e0 des \u00e9v\u00e9nements d&rsquo;observation des \u00e9toiles<\/strong> pour red\u00e9couvrir la beaut\u00e9 de la vo\u00fbte c\u00e9leste.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Conclusion : Un Appel \u00e0 la Responsabilit\u00e9 Collective<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Le ciel nocturne est un patrimoine pr\u00e9cieux, \u00e0 la fois culturel, scientifique et environnemental. Sa d\u00e9gradation progressive par la pollution lumineuse a des cons\u00e9quences importantes sur la biodiversit\u00e9 et la sant\u00e9 humaine. Gr\u00e2ce aux efforts des associations, aux avanc\u00e9es l\u00e9gislatives et \u00e0 la prise de conscience individuelle, il est encore possible d&rsquo;inverser cette tendance. En adoptant des gestes simples et en nous engageant collectivement, nous pouvons pr\u00e9server la magie des nuits \u00e9toil\u00e9es pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures. N&rsquo;oublions pas que la beaut\u00e9 du ciel nocturne est un droit, et sa protection, un devoir.<\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div><p id=\"pvc_stats_19151\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"19151\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p><div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le Ciel Nocturne : Un Patrimoine en P\u00e9ril, Une Cause \u00e0 D\u00e9fendre Cet article a \u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 avec l&rsquo;aide de l&rsquo;IA&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_19151\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"19151\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":19155,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[82],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19151","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-protection-ciel-nocturne"],"a3_pvc":{"activated":true,"total_views":35,"today_views":0},"yoast_head":"<title>La Protection du Ciel Nocturne - Rep\u00e8res Astro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le ciel nocturne \u00e9toil\u00e9, source d&#039;\u00e9merveillement pour l&#039;humanit\u00e9 depuis la nuit des temps, est aujourd&#039;hui menac\u00e9.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/la-protection-du-ciel-nocturne\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La Protection du Ciel Nocturne - Rep\u00e8res Astro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le ciel nocturne \u00e9toil\u00e9, source d&#039;\u00e9merveillement pour l&#039;humanit\u00e9 depuis la nuit des temps, est aujourd&#039;hui menac\u00e9.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/la-protection-du-ciel-nocturne\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Rep\u00e8res Astro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AssoReperesAstro\/?locale=fr_FRrplanetarium\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-04-10T13:56:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-04-16T14:15:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/04\/oiseaux-nuit.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1300\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"740\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Franck\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Franck\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/la-protection-du-ciel-nocturne\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/la-protection-du-ciel-nocturne\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Franck\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/14ae1ee92a60868e90f005146ca2f8d8\"},\"headline\":\"La Protection du Ciel Nocturne\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-04-10T13:56:08+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-04-16T14:15:26+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/la-protection-du-ciel-nocturne\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1217,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/la-protection-du-ciel-nocturne\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/oiseaux-nuit.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Protection du Ciel Nocturne\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/la-protection-du-ciel-nocturne\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/la-protection-du-ciel-nocturne\\\/\",\"name\":\"La Protection du Ciel Nocturne - Rep\u00e8res Astro\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/la-protection-du-ciel-nocturne\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/la-protection-du-ciel-nocturne\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/oiseaux-nuit.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-04-10T13:56:08+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-04-16T14:15:26+00:00\",\"description\":\"Le ciel nocturne \u00e9toil\u00e9, source d'\u00e9merveillement pour l'humanit\u00e9 depuis la nuit des temps, est aujourd'hui menac\u00e9.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/la-protection-du-ciel-nocturne\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/la-protection-du-ciel-nocturne\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/la-protection-du-ciel-nocturne\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/oiseaux-nuit.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/oiseaux-nuit.jpg\",\"width\":1300,\"height\":740},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/la-protection-du-ciel-nocturne\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"La Protection du Ciel Nocturne\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/\",\"name\":\"Rep\u00e8res Astro\",\"description\":\"&quot;Heureux soient les f\u00eal\u00e9s, car ils laisseront passer la lumi\u00e8re.&quot; Michel Audiard\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Rep\u00e8res Astro\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/01\\\/logo-reperes1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/01\\\/logo-reperes1.jpg\",\"width\":510,\"height\":510,\"caption\":\"Rep\u00e8res Astro\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/AssoReperesAstro\\\/?locale=fr_FRrplanetarium\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/14ae1ee92a60868e90f005146ca2f8d8\",\"name\":\"Franck\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reperes-astro.fr\\\/author\\\/franck-karine\\\/\"}]}<\/script>","yoast_head_json":{"title":"La Protection du Ciel Nocturne - Rep\u00e8res Astro","description":"Le ciel nocturne \u00e9toil\u00e9, source d'\u00e9merveillement pour l'humanit\u00e9 depuis la nuit des temps, est aujourd'hui menac\u00e9.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/la-protection-du-ciel-nocturne\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"La Protection du Ciel Nocturne - Rep\u00e8res Astro","og_description":"Le ciel nocturne \u00e9toil\u00e9, source d'\u00e9merveillement pour l'humanit\u00e9 depuis la nuit des temps, est aujourd'hui menac\u00e9.","og_url":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/la-protection-du-ciel-nocturne\/","og_site_name":"Rep\u00e8res Astro","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AssoReperesAstro\/?locale=fr_FRrplanetarium","article_published_time":"2025-04-10T13:56:08+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-04-16T14:15:26+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1300,"height":740,"url":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/04\/oiseaux-nuit.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Franck","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"Franck","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/la-protection-du-ciel-nocturne\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/la-protection-du-ciel-nocturne\/"},"author":{"name":"Franck","@id":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/14ae1ee92a60868e90f005146ca2f8d8"},"headline":"La Protection du Ciel Nocturne","datePublished":"2025-04-10T13:56:08+00:00","dateModified":"2025-04-16T14:15:26+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/la-protection-du-ciel-nocturne\/"},"wordCount":1217,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/la-protection-du-ciel-nocturne\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/04\/oiseaux-nuit.jpg","articleSection":["Protection du Ciel Nocturne"],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/la-protection-du-ciel-nocturne\/","url":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/la-protection-du-ciel-nocturne\/","name":"La Protection du Ciel Nocturne - Rep\u00e8res Astro","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/la-protection-du-ciel-nocturne\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/la-protection-du-ciel-nocturne\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/04\/oiseaux-nuit.jpg","datePublished":"2025-04-10T13:56:08+00:00","dateModified":"2025-04-16T14:15:26+00:00","description":"Le ciel nocturne \u00e9toil\u00e9, source d'\u00e9merveillement pour l'humanit\u00e9 depuis la nuit des temps, est aujourd'hui menac\u00e9.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/la-protection-du-ciel-nocturne\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/la-protection-du-ciel-nocturne\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/la-protection-du-ciel-nocturne\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/04\/oiseaux-nuit.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2025\/04\/oiseaux-nuit.jpg","width":1300,"height":740},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/la-protection-du-ciel-nocturne\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"La Protection du Ciel Nocturne"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/","name":"Rep\u00e8res Astro","description":"&quot;Heureux soient les f\u00eal\u00e9s, car ils laisseront passer la lumi\u00e8re.&quot; Michel Audiard","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/#organization","name":"Rep\u00e8res Astro","url":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2014\/01\/logo-reperes1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%63%6f%6e%74%65%6e%74\/uploads\/2014\/01\/logo-reperes1.jpg","width":510,"height":510,"caption":"Rep\u00e8res Astro"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AssoReperesAstro\/?locale=fr_FRrplanetarium"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/14ae1ee92a60868e90f005146ca2f8d8","name":"Franck","url":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/author\/franck-karine\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19151","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19151"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19151\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/media\/19155"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19151"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19151"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19151"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}