{"id":3337,"date":"2015-03-23T20:28:53","date_gmt":"2015-03-23T19:28:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/?p=3337"},"modified":"2025-02-11T17:48:30","modified_gmt":"2025-02-11T16:48:30","slug":"fiche-astromomes-spatial-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/reperes-astro.fr\/fiche-astromomes-spatial-2\/","title":{"rendered":"FICHE ASTROMOMES SPATIAL 2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

La fiche ASTROMOMES Spatial 2 du 23 Mars 2015 est disponible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaque mois ou bien lorsqu\u2019un \u00e9v\u00e8nement est observable par les enfants nous publierons cette information nomm\u00e9e \u201cFiche ASTROMOMES\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SPOUTNIK 1\u00a0 fut le premier satellite artificiel<\/mark><\/span><\/a>. <\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Il fut lanc\u00e9 le 4 octobre<\/span><\/a> 1957<\/span><\/a> \u00e0 19 h 28 min 34 s UTC<\/span><\/a>.<\/span> Et la mise en orbite \u00e0 19 h 33 min 48 par l’URSS<\/span><\/a> du cosmodrome de Ba\u00efkonour<\/span><\/a> au Kazakhstan<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le lancement de Spoutnik 1 marque le d\u00e9but de la conqu\u00eate spatiale<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"fiche<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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SPOUTNIK 2 et la chienne LAIKA<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La\u00efka<\/strong> (du russe<\/span><\/a> : \u041b\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0430, \u00ab petit aboyeur \u00bb est une chienne du programme spatial sovi\u00e9tique<\/span><\/a> et le premier \u00eatre vivant mis en orbite<\/span><\/a> autour de la Terre<\/span><\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9e par l’URSS<\/span><\/a> \u00e0 bord de l’engin spatial Spoutnik 2<\/span><\/a> le 3<\/span><\/a> novembre<\/span><\/a> 1957<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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Apr\u00e8s le succ\u00e8s de Spoutnik 1, le dirigeant sovi\u00e9tique Nikita Khrouchtchev<\/span><\/a> exigea le lancement d’un second engin pour le 7 novembre afin de c\u00e9l\u00e9brer le 40e<\/sup><\/abbr> anniversaire de la r\u00e9volution russe<\/span><\/a>. C’est donc<\/span> dans l’urgence, <\/span>et sans \u00e9tude pr\u00e9alable, Spoutnik 2 est construit en quatre semaines.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La\u00efka mourut environ 7 heures apr\u00e8s le lancement, de stress et de surchauffe, probablement due \u00e0 une d\u00e9faillance du syst\u00e8me de r\u00e9gulation de temp\u00e9rature. On pensa<\/span> d’abord que La\u00efka \u00e9tait rest\u00e9e vivante quatre jours dans l’habitacle de l’engin spatial. La capsule spatiale<\/span><\/a> se consuma le 14<\/span><\/a> avril<\/span><\/a> 1958<\/span><\/a> en rentrant dans l’atmosph\u00e8re terrestre<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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L‘exp\u00e9rience prouva <\/span>donc qu’un \u00eatre vivant pouvait survivre \u00e0 une mise en orbite autour de la Terre. <\/span>Mais aussi d<\/span>e subir les effets de l’impesanteur<\/span><\/a> (La\u00efka n’\u00e9tant morte qu’apr\u00e8s cette \u00e9tape). La mission Spoutnik 2 pr\u00e9para le terrain pour le vol spatial<\/span><\/a> de l’Homme en fournissant aux scientifiques les premi\u00e8res donn\u00e9es sur les r\u00e9actions des organismes vivants dans l’espace.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Retrouvez l\u2019ensemble des fiches \u201cAstrom\u00f4mes\u201d d\u00e9j\u00e0 parues en cliquant ici<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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La fiche ASTROMOMES Spatial 2 du 23 Mars 2015 est disponible. Chaque mois ou bien lorsqu\u2019un \u00e9v\u00e8nement est observable par les...<\/p>\n

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